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The benefits of trade agreements are not felt evenly by all industries in an economy. In fact, even member nations gain varying advantages by entering into trade agreements. However, despite these drawbacks, the United States continues to act on its commitment to free trade. In 2005, the United States signed a fair trade agreement (FTA) with Australia, and in 2012, it signed a trade protection agreement (TPA) with Colombia. Both agreements have been in force for a while. Now the question is, Have these agreements benefited the US economy? Let’s examine the impact of the bilateral agreements with Colombia and Australia on the US economy.
According to the USTR, the International Trade Commission (ITC) predicted that the United States–Colombia TPA would increase national GDP by $2.5 billion (Office of the US Trade Representative). Under the TPA, US exports to Colombia increased from $12.0 billion in 2010 to $18.3 billion in 2013 (US Department of State). The TPA seems to have delivered on its promise, because according to the USTR, US exports to Colombia increased by 30% in 2013 (Office of the US Trade Representative). So financially, Colombia is a lucrative market for the United States. However, the main opposition to the TPA stemmed from concerns about the terrible labor conditions in Colombia and the violent threats to those seeking to improve labor conditions in a country rife with crime. Although violence is a major concern, the FTA will eventually help both nations by bringing about social and labor reforms through economic activity. By helping Colombia become a peaceful country, the United States can pave the way for increased trade with Colombia in the future.
The United States–Australia FTA received considered opposition in both countries. US dairy farmers, ranchers, and small farmers were anxious about job losses resulting from the free entry of Australian products into the US market. However, if we judge by the boost in exports, the FTA has contributed to overall US economic growth. According to the USTR, in the first five years of the FTA, US exports to Australia increased by 33% (Office of the US Trade Representative). The FTA removed all tariffs on American imports into Australia, giving US exporters barrier-free entry into Australian markets.
The export industry plays a key role in driving economic growth and generating jobs in the United States. Colombia and Australia are two large and important markets for US exporters. The United States faces competition from other nations for access to these markets. By signing trade agreements, American goods can compete effectively in these markets. Although the agreements with Colombia and Australia are opposed for valid reasons, the agreements will benefit the US economy over time
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a. mobile phones
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One day some engineers decided to change the course of history. Thinking of a way to make communication more efficient and easy, they had the brilliant idea of creating a system that would be capable of communicating between cordless phones. The idea was not bad, but the technology of the time did not help much.
The real history of the mobile phone began in 1973, when the first call was made from a mobile phone to a landline. It was from April 1973 that all theories proved that the cell worked perfectly, and that the cell phone network suggested in 1947 was designed correctly. This was a not very well known moment, but it certainly was a fact marked forever because it was the moment that facilitated communication for most people through the creation of the mobile phone.
Many countries used to rely on an electoral college in order to get public officials elected, however, this system has been criticized for it has been perceived of as unfair in the event of a slight majority in an electoral district overruling the votes of a great number of citizens. At a first glance, it seems to run counter to the intuitive concept of democracy, i.e., the government elected by the majorities. IN the history of the U.S. there have been two or three presidential elections won by the candidate holding the majority of the electoral colleges yet failing to obtain the absolute majority of votes.
A solution often proposed to change this is the system of direct election. Under this system, candidates running for public office can only win provided that they manage to get the absolute majority of votes cast. Statistics on the number of votes per candidate and vote ratios are usually made for informational purposes, however, they are irrelevant to determine the final outcome.
The United States. Americans formed multiple military campaigns in the islands located in the pacific to drive back the Japanese. Eventually, with the detonation of two nuclear bombs, we successfully pacified the Japanese threat.