You need to compare the location of bands for X and X's child. X is the mother, so the child will have half of all its bands from its mother, and the other half must be from the father. Some bands that X and X's child have in common are at around 185bp and 130bp (it is difficult for me to determine the exact position). Then look at the bands which X and X's child do not have in common. Those bands must have come from the father. So now you compare the remaining bands to all the bands of Megabucks and see if they match up. You can see a band at around 60bp that the child has. The mother did not have this band, so it must have come from the father. Megabucks does not have this band, so he is not X's father.
Explanation:
I hope this has helped you a little. The main thing to know is that a child's bands come from their mother and father, so if half the bands match up to the mum, the other half have to match up to some of the father's bands. But a child will never have the same set of bands as one of their parents - it will be a mix of both parents' bands.
Observations allow us to collect data that we can connect back to the central problem. From this data we can start to form hypotheses (predictions on possible solutions or outcomes).
