1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
IgorLugansk [536]
3 years ago
6

Song Dynasty: Explain the THREE reforms made during the Song Dynasty that improved the lives of farmers.

History
1 answer:
astra-53 [7]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Chinese society during the Song dynasty (960–1279) was marked by political and legal reforms, a philosophical revival of Confucianism, and the development of cities beyond administrative purposes into centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce. The inhabitants of rural areas were mostly farmers, although some were also hunters, fishers, or government employees working in mines or the salt marshes. Conversely, shopkeepers, artisans, city guards, entertainers, laborers, and wealthy merchants lived in the county and provincial centers along with the Chinese gentry—a small, elite community of educated scholars and scholar-officials.

As landholders and drafted government officials, the gentry considered themselves the leading members of society; gaining their cooperation and employment was essential for the county or provincial bureaucrat overburdened with official duties. In many ways, scholar-officials of the Song period differed from the more aristocratic scholar-officials of the Tang dynasty (618–907). Civil service examinations became the primary means of appointment to an official post as competitors vying for official degrees dramatically increased. Frequent disagreements amongst ministers of state on ideological and policy issues led to political strife and the rise of political factions. This undermined the marriage strategies of the professional elite, which broke apart as a social group and gave way to a multitude of families which provided sons for civil service.

Confucian or Legalist scholars in ancient China—perhaps as far back as the late Zhou dynasty (c. 1046–256 BC)—categorized all socio-economic groups into four broad and hierarchical occupations (in descending order): the shi (scholars, or gentry), the nong (peasant farmers), the gong (artisans and craftsmen), and the shang (merchants).[1] Wealthy landholders and officials possessed the resources to better prepare their sons for the civil service examinations, yet they were often rivaled in their power and wealth by merchants of the Song period. Merchants frequently colluded commercially and politically with officials, despite the fact that scholar-officials looked down on mercantile vocations as less respectable pursuits than farming or craftsmanship. The military also provided a means for advancement in Song society for those who became officers, even though soldiers were not highly respected members of society. Although certain domestic and familial duties were expected of women in Song society, they nonetheless enjoyed a wide range of social and legal rights in an otherwise patriarchal society. Women's improved rights to property came gradually with the increasing value of dowries offered by brides' families.

Daoism and Buddhism were the dominant religions of China in the Song era, the latter deeply affecting many beliefs and principles of Neo-Confucianism throughout the dynasty. Ironically, Buddhism came under heavy criticism by staunch Confucian advocates and philosophers of the time. Older beliefs in ancient Chinese mythology, folk religion, and ancestor worship also played a large part in people's daily lives, as the Chinese believed that deities and ghosts of the spiritual realm frequently interacted with the living realm.

The Song justice system was maintained by policing sheriffs, investigators, official coroners, and exam-drafted officials who became county magistrates. Song magistrates were encouraged to apply both their practical knowledge as well as the written law in making judicial decisions that would promote societal morality. Advancements in early forensic science, a greater emphasis on gathering credible evidence, and careful recording by clerks of autopsy reports and witness testimonies aided authorities in convicting criminals.

Explanation:

You might be interested in
A historian claims massive drought and famine in China caused the Boxer Rebellion. Which of the following historians is making a
Lera25 [3.4K]
Wont me to answer still ? 

3 0
3 years ago
Which most effectively describes how changing from a hunter-gatherer Society to an agricultural society affected early human dev
natulia [17]
I believed the answer is 4. It makes sense because, after the agricultural revolution, people switched from hunting and gathering to crops and needed necessary tools to do that. Number 1 doesn't really make sense because in the Classical Era, they created religions early, so it's not it. B doesn't really make sense and 3 is wrong because they still used animals.
7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
What is the complete count of a population, including place of residence?
Alja [10]
Census is the complete count of a population, including place of residence.
4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Which of the following is NOT a government process?
NikAS [45]

Answer:I think the answer is d

Explanation:

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
EXPLAIN AS WELL
Dominik [7]
The answer is D) The battle of Chickamauga.

Why is the answer D)? well its D) because the Battle of Chickamauga was fought between September 18-20, 1863. It involved the second highest number of casualties in the war, behind only Gettysburg. It was a decisive victory for the Confederate troops under the command of General Braxton Bragg and resulted in the withdrawal of Union forces to Chattanooga.
5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • Who was Petrarch????
    6·2 answers
  • What did the British hope to achieve by establishing the Dominion of New England?
    10·2 answers
  • Approximately _____ of Oklahoma’s land is covered by forests. A. 1/5 B. 1/3 C. 1/2 D. 1/8
    8·2 answers
  • How did the Frames of the Constitution prevent any one branch of the Federal Government from becoming too powerful?
    7·1 answer
  • Which civilization had the greatest influence on the style of architecture
    10·1 answer
  • • Where are people leaving?<br> From immigration 1800s
    14·1 answer
  • What angered American colonists about the Declaratory Act?
    9·1 answer
  • What was agreed to in the missouri compromise
    5·1 answer
  • Was Stalin surprised by Truman when told about atomic bomb?
    12·1 answer
  • What did the neutralists think of the Tea Act and Boston tea party and Intolerable acts?
    8·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!