1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
IgorLugansk [536]
3 years ago
6

Song Dynasty: Explain the THREE reforms made during the Song Dynasty that improved the lives of farmers.

History
1 answer:
astra-53 [7]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Chinese society during the Song dynasty (960–1279) was marked by political and legal reforms, a philosophical revival of Confucianism, and the development of cities beyond administrative purposes into centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce. The inhabitants of rural areas were mostly farmers, although some were also hunters, fishers, or government employees working in mines or the salt marshes. Conversely, shopkeepers, artisans, city guards, entertainers, laborers, and wealthy merchants lived in the county and provincial centers along with the Chinese gentry—a small, elite community of educated scholars and scholar-officials.

As landholders and drafted government officials, the gentry considered themselves the leading members of society; gaining their cooperation and employment was essential for the county or provincial bureaucrat overburdened with official duties. In many ways, scholar-officials of the Song period differed from the more aristocratic scholar-officials of the Tang dynasty (618–907). Civil service examinations became the primary means of appointment to an official post as competitors vying for official degrees dramatically increased. Frequent disagreements amongst ministers of state on ideological and policy issues led to political strife and the rise of political factions. This undermined the marriage strategies of the professional elite, which broke apart as a social group and gave way to a multitude of families which provided sons for civil service.

Confucian or Legalist scholars in ancient China—perhaps as far back as the late Zhou dynasty (c. 1046–256 BC)—categorized all socio-economic groups into four broad and hierarchical occupations (in descending order): the shi (scholars, or gentry), the nong (peasant farmers), the gong (artisans and craftsmen), and the shang (merchants).[1] Wealthy landholders and officials possessed the resources to better prepare their sons for the civil service examinations, yet they were often rivaled in their power and wealth by merchants of the Song period. Merchants frequently colluded commercially and politically with officials, despite the fact that scholar-officials looked down on mercantile vocations as less respectable pursuits than farming or craftsmanship. The military also provided a means for advancement in Song society for those who became officers, even though soldiers were not highly respected members of society. Although certain domestic and familial duties were expected of women in Song society, they nonetheless enjoyed a wide range of social and legal rights in an otherwise patriarchal society. Women's improved rights to property came gradually with the increasing value of dowries offered by brides' families.

Daoism and Buddhism were the dominant religions of China in the Song era, the latter deeply affecting many beliefs and principles of Neo-Confucianism throughout the dynasty. Ironically, Buddhism came under heavy criticism by staunch Confucian advocates and philosophers of the time. Older beliefs in ancient Chinese mythology, folk religion, and ancestor worship also played a large part in people's daily lives, as the Chinese believed that deities and ghosts of the spiritual realm frequently interacted with the living realm.

The Song justice system was maintained by policing sheriffs, investigators, official coroners, and exam-drafted officials who became county magistrates. Song magistrates were encouraged to apply both their practical knowledge as well as the written law in making judicial decisions that would promote societal morality. Advancements in early forensic science, a greater emphasis on gathering credible evidence, and careful recording by clerks of autopsy reports and witness testimonies aided authorities in convicting criminals.

Explanation:

You might be interested in
Was the Japanese kamikaze attack justified <br> Why or why not<br> I give Brainliest! 5-7 sentences
gregori [183]

Answer:

Japan was losing pilots faster than it could train their replacements, and the nation's industrial capacity was diminishing relative to that of the Allies. These factors, along with Japan's unwillingness to surrender, led to the use of kamikaze tactics as Allied forces advanced towards the Japanese home islands.

7 0
3 years ago
________ denied states the right to take native american tribal lands.
Fynjy0 [20]
Worcester v. Georgia denied states the right to take native american tribal lands.

God bless!
7 0
3 years ago
Did Jefferson fulfill the declarations he made in his inaugural address?
Law Incorporation [45]

The Second Continental Congress and other committee members revised Thomas Jefferson's original draft of the Declaration of Independence, but Jefferson is still credited as being the principal author.

<h3>How did Thomas Jefferson make use of his opening remarks?</h3>

Jefferson was motivated to use his inaugural address to unite the country as a result of the divisive campaign and the protracted election process, as well as forecasts of opposition to the new government and rumors of the prospect of civil war.

<h3>What point did Jefferson make in his inaugural speech?</h3>

Jefferson was aware of the divisions that existed within the nation. Every disagreement of opinion is not a difference of principle, he said in his inaugural speech. We have addressed you by various names, but as brothers in the same ideals. Republicans are who we are.

To Know more about Independence,

brainly.com/question/4273396

#SPJ1

6 0
1 year ago
3. How did African Americans in the South often help Union forces?
BARSIC [14]

African Americans in the South often help Union forces by serving as spies and scouts. African Americans did all they could to help the Union army. This was especially true after the Emancipation Proclamation, as Lincoln attempted to free slaves from the control of Confederate states. This was one of the many reasons why African Americans in the South helped Union forces. These citizens often acted ignorant or didn't appear to be paying attention when Southerners discussed their next military moves. African Americans would then relay this information to the Union commanders, giving them a strategic advantage.

3 0
3 years ago
Which river starts on the Tibetan plateau in China and touches all of the nations of mainland Southeast Asia?
Effectus [21]
Should be Mekong, because nations like Thailand, Vietnam all have the Mekong running through it
4 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • How did the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut change the government?
    11·2 answers
  • Five reasons why slavery should be abolished
    14·1 answer
  • Which is part of the selection process for all federal judges ?
    10·2 answers
  • According to the quote, what happened between 1880 and 1890? The increase in settlements in the West caused the frontier line to
    12·2 answers
  • The Judiciary Act of 1789 established what kind of legal system? a. congressional law c. federal court system b. international c
    14·1 answer
  • Sultan Abd al-Hamid II accepted a reform constitution and used it to become a
    13·1 answer
  • Please help me out a bit! This is super important.
    15·1 answer
  • What do headlines such as these from the 1920s illustrate?
    6·1 answer
  • How did the Crusades influence European colonization projects?
    15·1 answer
  • El sicnificado de Xenofobia e Intolerancia
    5·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!