Answer is the threat of substitute products or services.
Rivalry among the existing competitors was not a significant factor in the BlackBerry's downfall because they were not able to produce any form of alternative to the iPhone, and the users switched from the BlackBerry phones to the iPhones. The danger of replacement products is one of the Porter's five factors, and it indicates that there are alternative items that are likely to steal the company's market share. The downfall of the BlackBerry was caused by the substitute product in the shape of the iPhone.
All of the other allegations are untrue because there were no new entrants and the suppliers threatened because they were unable to upgrade their product.
Therefore, (B) Threat of substitute products or services is the correct answer is the correct answer.
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Answer:
Jenny Holzer
Explanation:
Jenny Holzer is one of the famous neo-conceptual artist in America, who specialized in the delivering of ideas as well as words arround public places.
Jenny Holzer produces works that are installed in public places and use words that resemble advertising slogans.
<span>False. The above scenario is not true. Network externalities are nothing but Metcalfe's law which states that the telecommunication network is directly proportional to square of connected users. The law also helps in business management. Network externalities relates to competition of telecommunication companies and their merge with one another.</span>
<u>Measures of dispersion are often used in finance as a proxy for risk:</u>
Measures of dispersion are generally used to describe the variability in sample. The three commonly used measures of dispersion are as follows,
- Interquartile range - Difference between the
and
percentile (also known as the
and
quartile). The formula is 
- Range - Difference between the largest and smallest observation. The formula is

- Standard deviation - SD is the square root of sum of squared deviation from the mean divided by the number of observations. The formula is as follows,

Appropriate usage of measures of dispersion:
Median and interquartile range is used for skewed numerical data, ordinal data or mean. When mean is utilized as a measure of central tendency or symmetric numerical data, SD is used.
Usage in finance:
In finance, the Regression analysis technique helps in explaining the dispersion of dependent variable, that is measured by its variance, with the help of one or more independent variables each of which has positive dispersion. This proves to be a proxy for risk.