Answer:
D. threat; challenge
Explanation:
Anything that causes an organisms stress process to initiate is called a stressor.
Threat is something that can cause us harm or something which we perceive might cause us harm.
A challenge is a threat, if overcome can cause us to grow our personality.
So, a threat is something which we cannot overcome while a challenge is a threat which we perceive can overcome and will be beneficial for us.
Answer:
If John stops leaving his room in a mess in the future, then losing his wallet has functioned as a negative punishment.
Explanation:
- Punishment is taking something that someone likes from them in order to reduce instances of occurrence of a certain unwanted behavior.
- Negative punishment is therefore the occurrence of a disliked consequence as a result of an unwanted action.
- In the above instance, John losing his wallet is negative, but it achieves a consequent desired behavior of self organization.
Answer: c) the response results in an increase in the probability of an aversive or an appetitive event
Explanation:The word "positive" in "positive reinforcement" and "positive punishment" means that the response results in an increase in the probability of an aversive or an appetitive event.
Positive in positive reinforcement is a price or reward attached to an occurrence to strengthen a future occurrence.
Positive punishment is focus of reducing an unwanted behavior through presenting an unfavorable outcome
Answer: non-comparable decisions
Explanation:
This involves the process of making decisions about products or services from different categories. Hence making comparison among them difficult.
In this case, Linda and Cindy will have to make an overall evaluation of each option; using pros and cons for each activity. Both of them come to an unanimous decision.
Answer:
You should stay very far away from the truck as you can and allow the truck driver to complete whatever maneuver they intend to do. You should understand that in the process of maneuvering the truck driver may block the entire road or most of the road, and he may be unaware that there is a car behind him in some cases.
Explanation:
