The origins of these acts go back to the constitution where the article 4 has a clause called the fugitive slave clause which orders states to deliver up fugitives from labor (euphemism for runaway slaves) when they are requested by slaveholders.
This clause was translated into the first 1793 statute which was basically a civil statute that was not well enforced according to the southern states, thus leading to the creation of the 1850 fugitive slave act.
The 1850 act was tougher than the previous one, punishing not only runaway slaves, but also people who harbored or aided slaves in any way, with civil and criminal penalties including up to 6 months imprisonment if caught and prosecuted successfully.
There were many documented cases of people being tortured and imprisoned in south because of helping fugitives.
These acts directly violated the democracy in several ways for example:
- Slavery had been abolished in many states of the US by the time these acts were created
- They were considered by many as some species of legalized kidnapping
- They encouraged illegal abduction or arrest and sale into slavery of free black men and women denying them the fair right to trial
One clear example would be the movie "Twelve years a slave" which depicts the documented case of Solomon Northup, a free black man who was sold as a slave without proof of him being one.
Answer:
Scientific revolution played a fundamental role in the birth of modern science.
Explanation:
The Scientific Revolution led in the development of modern science in Europe, which changed the view of understanding science in a new light with experiments. It happened in the 16th and 17th centuries when people were viewing nature very uniquely than before by believing in the wonders of God. Astronomers like Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo, and Johannes Kepler played an influential role in interpreting and explaining the universe.
The Church believes threaten by discoveries. During Scientific Revolution, Church remains strict to their believes after astronomers like Nicolaus Copernicus gave their theory that the Earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the Sun. Their ideas pushed the Church to excommunicated or even imprisoned scholars.
The correct answer is the Battle of Saratoga.
The Battle of Saratoga, which took place in October of 1777, was considered a turning point for multiple reasons. For one, it was one of the first times that the American colonists were able to get the British military to surrender. Another reason why it is a turning point is this battle showed France that the American colonists actually had a shot at defeating the British. After this battle, the French send support to the American colonists. This support from the French is critical to the success of the American colonists in the Revolutionary War.
