Sir Francis Drake of England. He spent much of his time looting Spanish ships, a problem that would eventually lead to the Spanish Armada.
Answer: It’s considered the turning point of the entire American Revolution, because it resulted in the French alliance.
Explanation: It was between the Hessians and British regulars vs. American militia and the American Continental Army
For question 1, they wanted to expand trade routes and business, to let settlers find a passage to South America, and acquire raw materials for manufacturing. For question 2, it is Charter, Colony. I hope this helps! :)