The randomness in the alignment of recombined chromosomes at the metaphase plate, coupled with the crossing over events between nonsister chromatids, are responsible for much of the genetic variation in the offspring. To clarify this further, remember that the homologous chromosomes of a sexually reproducing organism are originally inherited as two separate sets, one from each parent. Using humans as an example, one set of 23 chromosomes is present in the egg donated by the mother. The father provides the other set of 23 chromosomes in the sperm that fertilizes the egg. Every cell of the multicellular offspring has copies of the original two sets of homologous chromosomes. In prophase I of meiosis, the homologous chromosomes form the tetrads. In metaphase I, these pairs line up at the midway point between the two poles of the cell to form the metaphase plate. Because there is an equal chance that a microtubule fiber will encounter a maternally or paternally inherited chromosome, the arrangement of the tetrads at the metaphase plate is random. Thus, any maternally inherited chromosome may face either pole. Likewise, any paternally inherited chromosome may also face either pole. The orientation of each tetrad is independent of the orientation of the other 22 tetrads.
Explanation:
It is A.carpel because D. stamen is actually the male part and <span>Corolla makes up the second whorl of the flower and it is composed of petals.</span>
Answer:
1/10^4
Explanation:
Given that 500 colonies were observed on ampicillin plate after transformation. 1 colony represents 1 transformed bacteria because each colony is assumed to have grown from one single bacteria. Hence, 500 bacteria had transformed from 5*10^6 bacteria.
Fraction of cells that got transformed = (Number of cells that were transformed/ Number of total cells)
= 500/(5*10^6)
= 1/10^4
Hence, 1/10^4 cells were transformed in experiment.
