Merchant families that ruled Italian city-states established: B. their own armies.
In the Renaissance epoch, Italy was formed by many city-states with powerful people as the rulers. They were in conflict with each other quite often. That is why these cities had their own armies to protect their merchant, their political interests and their cultural influence in the region.
The difference is that the older union tend to pursue practical things such as fair wages, number of holidays, and working hours.
The newer union on the other hand, tend to focus on something that related to social justice, such as fair treatment between each races, same opportunity to rise the ladder, etc.
If you mean Prince Henry the navigator, he was the third son of King John I from Portugal and he was called infante Dom Henrique in Portuguese.
