The Nuremberg Trials were held for the purpose of bringing Nazi war criminals to justice, the Nuremberg trials were a series of 13 trials carried out in Nuremberg, Germany, between 1945 and 1949. The defendants, who included Nazi Party officials and high-ranking military officers along with German industrialists, lawyers and doctors, were indicted on such charges as crimes against peace and crimes against humanity. Nazi leader Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) committed suicide and was never brought to trial. Although the legal justifications for the trials and their procedural innovations were controversial at the time, the Nuremberg trials are now regarded as a milestone toward the establishment of a permanent international court, and an important precedent for dealing with later instances of genocide and other crimes against humanity.
The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the Roman Empire in its Eastern province during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Its capital was Constantinople, modern-day Istanbul. For most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful, cultural and developed civilization in Europe. This was mostly due to its size, but also its technological developments and innovation.
Militarily, the empire perfected what is called “Greek fire,” a type of liquid like napalm. Their developments led to the invention of the hand grenade and flamethrowers. This military advancements helped them win many battles, but also prevented attacks from others due to their reputation. In terms of urban planning, Constantinople had constant clean water in its aqueducts, which would be deliver to houses, much like it is today. This allowed Constantinople to remain beautiful, its citizens to remain healthy and the population to expand. It also caused an increase in the lifespan of citizens. New communications, forms of entertainment and leisure activities also made Constantinople a very important and developed urban center in Europe for several centuries.