Parasites benefit their hosts is the true statement. Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism (the parasite) benefits from another organism and this other organism is harmed by the parasite.
The others aren't true because:
- the organism that is harmed doesn'y adapt and evolve it still is vulnerable
- it is a fact that parasites change from hosts
- phoresy is an association between two species in which one transports the other. This does not include killing the host (is possible, but it is not a condition under which you can call something a phoresy).
With the beginning of the middle proterozoic comes the first evidence of oxgen build up in the atmosphere. with is catastrophe came eukaryotic forms. these include multicellular algae, and toward the end of the proterozoic the first animals
C. an aerobic process that produces ATP from pyruvic
Answer:
Troponin and calcium ions.
Explanation:
Troponin is a component of thin filament along with tropomyosin and actin. It is a protein complex to which calcium binds and start the production of muscular force.
Calcium also playing a very important role in muscle contractions, it binds with troponin and helping to move tropomyosin.
When calcium ion attached to troponin, then conformational changes occurs in troponin shape and moves which allow tropomyosin going away from its inhibitory position from the myosin-binding sites on actin. After this, the energized myosin head starts binding to the actin molecules and starts the cross bridge cycle, which helping in shortening the muscle's fiber.
