Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938) was an army officer who founded an independent Republic of Turkey out of the ruins of the Ottoman Empire. He then served as Turkey’s first president from 1923 until his death in 1938, implementing reforms that rapidly secularized and westernized the country. Under his leadership, the role of Islam in public life shrank drastically, European-style law codes came into being, the office of the sultan was abolished and new language and dress requirements were mandated. But although the country was nominally democratic, Atatürk at times stifled opposition with an authoritarian hand.
Answer:
I can't see the questions that well, maybe if you comment all the questions from the book i can try to help
Explanation:
if you can comment the questions i might be able to answer them better
The beginning - We the people...
Hope this helps!
~C
He wrote a detailed memoir about his experience.
The answer is "Pope Urban II"
