The answer is B) A series of actions by the Catholic Church intended to spread and defend the Catholic faith.
The counter-reformation was in response to the Protestant reformation, so the first answer is out of the question.
Martin Luthers own actions sparked the Protestant reformation, and as mentioned prior - it was a response to the Protestant reformation (however, during this time they did solidify the power of the pope).
Answer:
A different Enlightenment thought.
Explanation:
The Declaration of Independence features the Enlightenment ideas of a <u><em>social contract</em></u> (power exchange between citizens and the government to ensure a citizens protection), <u><em>popular sovereignty</em></u> (the idea that the government's power comes from the people, so the people have the right to rule the government), and unalienable <u><em>natural rights</em></u> (rights we are all born with. In the Declaration of Independence, these rights are defines as the right to live, pursue of happiness, and be free [liberty]).
Around the ball park of more than 2,300 years<span> old </span>
