Answer:during the Senate debate on the Civil Rights Act of 1964, King and Malcolm met for the first and only time. After holding a press conference in the Capitol on the proceedings, King encountered Malcolm in the hallway. As King recalled in a 3 April letter, “At the end of the conference, he came and spoke to me, and I readily shook his hand.” King defended shaking the hand of an adversary by saying that “my position is that of kindness and reconciliation” (King, 3 April 1965).
In January 1965, he revealed in an interview that the OAAU would “support fully and without compromise any action by any group that is designed to get meaningful immediate results” (Malcolm X, Two Speeches, 31). Malcolm urged civil rights groups to unite, telling a gathering at a symposium sponsored by the Congress of Racial Equality: “We want freedom now, but we’re not going to get it saying ‘We Shall Overcome.’ We've got to fight to overcome” (Malcolm X, Malcolm X Speaks, 38).
On 21 February 1965, just a few weeks after his visit to Selma, Malcolm X was assassinated. King called his murder a “great tragedy” and expressed his regret that it “occurred at a time when Malcolm X was … moving toward a greater understanding of the nonviolent movement” (King, 24 February 1965). He asserted that Malcolm’s murder deprived “the world of a potentially great leader” (King, “The Nightmare of Violence”). Malcolm’s death signaled the beginning of bitter battles involving proponents of the ideological alternatives the two men represented.
Natural Barriers & Deserts in China
The Yangtze River is a busy thoroughfare that bisects China with vistas of magnificent gorges.
The Yangtze River is a busy thoroughfare that bisects China with vistas of magnificent gorges.
China is one of the oldest and most culturally rich civilizations in the world, but for most of its history, it was locked in mystery. Access was complicated by the geography of the country. Great mountains, rivers, fierce deserts and two seas formed natural barriers against invaders and explorers. Today, China is open to visitors, and those former barriers are major attractions.
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Mountains
The Himalayas edge southwestern China, encompassing Tibet and Nepal and forming a natural barrier along the border of India. Mount Everest, the world's tallest peak, is part of the Himalayan range. China invaded the Himalayan country of Tibet in 1959 and has since claimed Tibetan territory as its own. Tourists can travel from Beijing and other cities in China by air, but a visual tour of the country is now possible by train. The Qinghai-Tibet railway takes 48 hours from Beijing to Lhasa in the Himalayas, the former capital of Tibet. En route you can see the varied terrains of the Chinese countryside and the Tibetan plateau. The train has sleeper cars and oxygen to help neophytes get accustomed to the high altitudes. Tourists can spend a few days exploring Beijing and several days in Lhasa and the surrounding mountains.
Deserts
The Gobi and Taklamakan deserts in southwestern China are massive, ancient seas with some of the driest conditions of any desert in the world. Taklamakan has perilous sand storms and drought, poisonous snakes and extreme weather. The Gobi, which has a legendary bone collection, is the site of ongoing digs where some of the most spectacular paleontological finds have been discovered. Hardy tourists can view the myriad landscapes and culture of the Gobi on tours with accommodations in Mongolian "gers," felt-lined lattice yurts. Desert visitors may stumble across dinosaur bones, see folk dancing, Mongolian horse racing and archery contests, tour old temples and monasteries, relax by a waterfall, hike the dunes, spend time in Ulaanbataar, the present-day capital of Mongolia, and Karakorum, the ruins of the ancient capital.
Rivers
The Yangtze River, which divides North China from South China, is the third longest in the world, next to the Nile and the Amazon. The Yellow River is nearly as long. Both rivers run through the center of China and have created important agricultural regions due to annual flooding. Tourists today can see the Chinese effort to control the Yangtze's floods on a cruise that visits the Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest dam and hydroelectric power supplier. Yangtze cruises, which are usually bookended with sightseeing in Beijing, Xian, Chengdu, Guilin and Shanghai, may include adventure hikes, kayaking opportunities, short cruises down smaller scenic rivers like the Li River in Guilin with its karst cliffs, and a bus ride to the peak overlooking the dam itself. The Yangtze flows through Nanjing and empties into the sea at Shanghai.
Seas
China's coastline borders the Yellow Sea to the north and the China Sea at the edge of the Pacific Ocean. Chinese navigators set sail in huge ships to explore the world long before China was discovered by European sailors. Today, the seas play a significant factor in China's defensive strategy and are a vacation playground. The country lacks the exotic tropical allure of Pacific Island and Southeast Asian beaches, but travelers can find a number of resorts along the coast that attract visitors and Chinese vacationers alike. Beidaihe Beach and Dalian Beach are the long-standing favorites of the Chinese political leadership and elites. Beaches near Shenzhen and Qingdao, on Hainan Island and near Beihai, offer full-service resorts and more modest accommodations for casual tourists and economical shore vacations.
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