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3 years ago

A substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in the citric acid cycle when _____.

Biology

1 answer:

Xelga [282]3 years ago

5 0

<span>C. GDP is phosphorylated to produce GTP
</span>

Substrate level phosphorylation occurred in kreb cycle inform of metabolic reaction that involve the transfer of phosphoryl group to GDP or ADP from another phosphorylated compound which result into formation of GTP or ATP. This process commonly occurs in the cytoplasm of cells during glycolysis and also in the mitochondria during krebs cycle.

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Which of the following accurately describes nutrient limitation?

Cloud [144]

Answer is c. If one essential nutrient within an ecosystem runs out, primary productivity will be limited

According to Vitousek et al., 2010, nutrient limitation defined as meaningful additions of an essential element in biologically available forms which increases the rate of primary productivity or increase in the biomass in an ecosystem. Alternately, nutrient limitation may also explained as when the supply of one essential nutrient of the ecosystem runs out the primary productivity of the plants will be limited.

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3 years ago

Q - Describe the Mitoses with the help of diagram. write its different phares and explain them.

bonufazy [111]

Answer:

Mitosis is a type of cell division in which single haploid cell (n) or diploid cell (2n) divides into two haploid or diploid daughter cells that are same as the parent.

Mitosis occurs in somatic cells of plants and animals. In this cell division, the two daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as that in the parent cells.

Mitosis consists of four basic phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

1.Prophase:-

It is the first visible stage in karyokinesis. The chromosomes appear as long coiled threads called chromatids. The chromatin becomes shorter, thicker and visible due to the condensation of DNA. The chromatins are now called chromosomes. Stainability of nucleus increase. Each chromosome starts to splits longitudinally into two sister chromatids. These sister chromatids are attached to each other at the centromere. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus start to disappear and by the end, it will be completely disappeared.

ii. Metaphase:-

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus completely disappears and simultaneously appearance of spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are attached to the centromere of a chromosome. The chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plane. The process of gathering of chromosomes in equator is called congressional and plate formed is called metaphasic plate.

iii. Anaphase:-

The centromere of each chromosome splits into two sister chromatids and forms two daughter chromosomes. The daughter chromosomes are pulled towards the poles due to the contraction of spindle fibres and stretching of interzonal fibers. During polar movement, the chromosomes show different shapes i.e. J, U, V, L or I shaped in appearance. At the end of anaphase, each pole will get one set of daughter chromosomes. It is the shortest phase and is also known as a migratory phase.

iv. Telophase:- The daughter chromosomes reach respective poles and uncoil and become thin, long and visible. The spindle fibres start disappearing and finally disappear. The nuclear membrane and the nucleolus reappear.

Two nuclei are formed at the end of telophase. Both the nuclei have the same number of chromosome as the parent cell. It is the last visible stage of karyokinetic and is also known as reorganization phase.

It is followed by cytokines or division of cytoplasm.

Explanation:

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2 years ago

12. Removing an organism from an ecosystem will have which of the following affects? Select all that apply.

lutik1710 [3]

Answer:

B and D

Explanation:

Biodiversity comes from having multiple types of organisms. This also allows different organisms to eat and create nutrients that is needed by all other organisms in the ecosystem.

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2 years ago

how are mitosis and meiosis different from each other? a. mitosis produces four different cells and meiosis produces identical c

Fofino [41]

B. meiosis produces cells that are used in reproduction.

3 0

3 years ago

Describe how the beaks of the bird species D, E, F, and J that eat fruits and seeds differ from the beaks of the bird species th

Gala2k [10]

Some ways to describe why the beaks are different from the birds that will only eat nectar and the birds that eat fruit are; the nectar eating birds have longer and thinner beaks. The beaks of the fruit and seed eating birds have have shorter and thicker beaks.

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3 years ago