He basically gives him his resume, or all the heroic things he has done in the past, such as: he has never been defeated, he has saved many people, he talks about how he lost the swimming match to his friend Brecca because he stopped to help him against sea monsters which attacked him, etc.
These boasts are here for Beowulf to show to Lord Hrothgar that he is worthy of defending his kingdom against the monster Grendel.
It means that justice should involve a valuable degree of reconciliation and restrain.
The term was coined by Gandhi during the independence struggle in India. he implied the need to observe peace, and not to retaliate the violence, in line with the Roman maxim of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. Gandhi advocated for peaceful methods of protesting British rule. he probably was inspired by the religious thoughts of Jesus Christ.
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I would say either A or D, but I'm leaning towards A. It emphasizes an idea.