Through Islamic trade and the growth of commerce.
I would say Social/Religious causes. He is promoting the "Britons" as a benefit to all of humanity even to the point that he is justifying the taking of other's lands. He does not say anything about economic benefits to these people or political benefits, merely that Britons are honorable so they deserve it.
These two-way exchanges between the Americas and Europe/Africa are known collectively as the Columbian Exchange. Of all the commodities in the Atlantic World, sugar proved to be the most important.
Answer:
The size of the empire made it hard to defend.
The correct answer is B.
The main point of the author in this passage is to show that the preservation of ancient Greek classics and even Christians writings made by the Byzantine Empire is what later allowed the Bizantine revival to take place.