1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
algol13
3 years ago
10

There has been a lot of research and an equally large amount of money spent on teaching animals (especially apes) language. Rese

arch some of the work done trying to teach animals language and write a 150 to 200-word essay to summarize the research. What gains and losses have occurred, and have we taught animals to communicate and to what extent?
Will mark Brainlyest if you help me
Arts
2 answers:
Salsk061 [2.6K]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Humans have probably always recognized a family resemblance in the great apes. The name we use for the great tree-dwelling, red-haired apes of Borneo comes from the Indonesian “orang,” person, and “hutan,” jungle. Some people have kept young chimps as pets. Many less wealthy people have owned plush toy chimps to cuddle at night. The famous chimpanzee researcher Jane Goodall traces her fascination with chimpanzees to a toy chimp named Jubilee, which she kept for decades.

This schizophrenic attitude persists today. No reputable scientist disputes Darwin’s assertion of physical continuity from the simplest animals to humans, and the great apes clearly share much with humans. Their anatomy and their genome resembles ours more than any other organism, and even their brains have similar—though smaller—parts. If researchers could emulate the fictional Dr. Doolittle and converse with an animal, surely that animal would be a great ape. On the other hand, some scientists insist that the resemblance ends at language. Despite a continuity of other traits, they say, language stands alone, not merely the most complicated kind of communication, but a unique one, unrelated to that of any non-human animal.

Early attempts, from the 1900s through the 1930s, to teach chimps to speak met with dismal failure, vindicating the critics. The animals just couldn’t wrap their otherwise expressive lips around words. In the most successful cases, they made sounds charitably interpreted as short words, such as mama, papa, cup and up, after years of training.

Following La Mettrie’s suggestion that a gifted teacher of the deaf could succeed with chimpanzees, a 1925 scientific article suggested sign language as an alternative. But serious efforts to teach non-vocal communication to apes only began in the 1960s. Researchers attempted to teach individual signs derived from American Sign Language (ASL) to Washoe, a chimpanzee; Koko, a gorilla; and Chantek, an orangutan. Sarah, a chimpanzee, learned to manipulate arbitrary plastic symbols standing for words, and another chimpanzee, named Lana, used an early computer keyboard, with arbitrary symbols the researchers called lexigrams

.All these projects succeeded where the early speech projects had failed. The apes learned to use hand gestures, plastic symbols or keyboards to communicate with their trainers. The 1960s and 1970s became the golden age of ape language-learning. Researchers claimed (and some continue to claim) that the apes had learned tens or even hundreds of signs.

But popular accounts went farther. They had it that the apes held conversations, and had “learned sign language.” To this day, assertions that apes can converse with humans using symbols or sign language abound in popular magazines and books and even college textbooks. But although the trained apes often used two or three signs or symbols in a sequence, and could clearly get a message across—most often a request for food or attention—researchers wondered if the apes had learned Language with a capital L. Some researchers working in the field feel justified in using the word “language” to describe the results of these experiments, but psychologist Steven Pinker, author of The Language Instinct, disagrees.

Pinker has declared on public radio “No chimpanzee has learned sign language.At the same time, we have sought to distance ourselves from the beasts, often using language as the defining difference. In the first century b.c., Roman historian Sallust wrote “All men who would surpass the other animals should do their best not to pass through life silently like the beasts.” In the 1600s, Descartes found a universal human truth in “I think, therefore I am.” But animals, Descartes declared, didn’t think; they were mere automata, beast machines. Descartes’ follower, La Mettrie, however, pointed out that deaf humans have a difficult time learning to speak and guessed that with the right teacher, a chimpanzee could learn and thereby become “a little gentleman.”... They’ve certainly learned some gestures, but sign language is not just a system of gestures. It’s a full, grammatical language with its own systematic grammar, like Latin.”

Setting the idea of a full language aside, however, did the apes’ hand gestures constitute words? Did they truly understand that signs or lexigrams stood for objects or actions? Were their strings of two or three signs sentences?

When people first started to get apes to be able to understand the English Language, it was  difficult because the apes would pick up certain things but it would not form a sentence or make any  sense. Later on, Herbert Terrace tried to teach a chimpanzee, named Nim Chimpsky, gestures based on  the American Sign Language and thought he had succeeded at it.

Explanation:

hopefully this helped you

Alborosie3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Apes and Human Language

Humans have probably always recognized a family resemblance in the great apes. The name we use for the great tree-dwelling, red-haired apes of Borneo comes from the Indonesian “orang,” person, and “hutan,” jungle. Some people have kept young chimps as pets. Many less wealthy people have owned plush toy chimps to cuddle at night. The famous chimpanzee researcher Jane Goodall traces her fascination with chimpanzees to a toy chimp named Jubilee, which she kept for decades.

At the same time, we have sought to distance ourselves from the beasts, often using language as the defining difference. In the first century b.c., Roman historian Sallust wrote “All men who would surpass the other animals should do their best not to pass through life silently like the beasts.” In the 1600s, Descartes found a universal human truth in “I think, therefore I am.” But animals, Decartes declared, didn’t think; they were mere automata, beast machines. Descartes’ follower, La Mettrie, however, pointed out that deaf humans have a difficult time learning to speak and guessed that with the right teacher, a chimpanzee could learn and thereby become “a little gentleman.”

Explanation:his schizophrenic attitude persists today. No reputable scientist disputes Darwin’s assertion of physical continuity from the simplest animals to humans, and the great apes clearly share much with humans. Their anatomy and their genome resembles ours more than any other organism, and even their brains have similar—though smaller—parts. If researchers could emulate the fictional Dr. Doolittle and converse with an animal, surely that animal would be a great ape. On the other hand, some scientists insist that the resemblance ends at language. Despite a continuity of other traits, they say, language stands alone, not merely the most complicated kind of communication, but a unique one, unrelated to that of any non-human animal.

Early attempts, from the 1900s through the 1930s, to teach chimps to speak met with dismal failure, vindicating the critics. The animals just couldn’t wrap their otherwise expressive lips around words. In the most successful cases, they made sounds charitably interpreted as short words, such as mama, papa, cup and up, after years of training.

Following La Mettrie’s suggestion that a gifted teacher of the deaf could succeed with chimpanzees, a 1925 scientific article suggested sign language as an alternative. But serious efforts to teach non-vocal communication to apes only began in the 1960s. Researchers attempted to teach individual signs derived from American Sign Language (ASL) to Washoe, a chimpanzee; Koko, a gorilla; and Chantek, an orangutan. Sarah, a chimpanzee, learned to manipulate arbitrary plastic symbols standing for words, and another chimpanzee, named Lana, used an early computer keyboard, with arbitrary symbols the researchers called lexigrams.

All these projects succeeded where the early speech projects had failed. The apes learned to use hand gestures, plastic symbols or keyboards to communicate with their trainers. The 1960s and 1970s became the golden age of ape language-learning. Researchers claimed (and some continue to claim) that the apes had learned tens or even hundreds of signs.

You might be interested in
GIVING 5 STARS. Correct me if I have this question in the wrong subject
dem82 [27]

Answer:

8 - 3/4

9 - 4/4

Explanation:

8 - there are 3 beats in every measure, so it would be 3/4.

9 - there are 4 beats in every measure, so it would be 4/4.

8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
how does the suicidal impulse that both Romeo and Juliet exhibit relate to the overall theme of young love? Does Shakespeare see
Alekssandra [29.7K]
<span><span /></span>

As a more simple answer to your question, Shakespeare shows that young love is an 'all or nothing' proposition. When Romeo is told by the Friar that his punishment will be banishment, and not death, Romeo replies that there is no world for him outside Verona.

There is also a measure of idealism in their love. Juliet and Romeo refuse to bend to the reality of their family situation, believing that love will conquer all.

5 0
3 years ago
How do you know if somebody wants you
olga_2 [115]

Answer:

Lots Of Eye Contact.

They Ask Questions

They Ask Your Opinion

They Don't Talk About Other Romantic Conquests

Because they just want to conquest you, duh.

They Listen

They Really Smile

They Lick Their Lips

They Find You On Social Media

They Tell You Things About Themselves

They Want To Spend Time With You ....................................

there is a lot of things

7 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A new feature film is in production. It is a historical drama about a group of soldiers in the Vietnam War. The film
hoa [83]

Answer:

Explanation:

In film, people are able to portray people and events to fit the needs of the audience and the intended purpose of the film. However, it is also noted how certain people/communities may be biased for their perspective of said film. According to a study by Martin Novelli, the depictions of the Vietnamese in American war films is often negatively stereotyped. Vietnamese civilians are usually shown as passive victims, prostitutes, or conniving with the enemy, while North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong guerilla fighters are frequently drawn as cruel torturers or effeminate cowards, and the ARVN are described as incompetent. In addition, many relevant facts concerning the conception of the war, or America’s subsequent acknowledgement of how the war was a mistake were not properly addressed. Instead, filmmakers focused more on the themes of war compared with educating the populace with hard facts.

In Walsh and Louvre's opinion, "the ideology of such films speaks of several basic and widespread public attitudes towards the war".

Donna Alvah reported that students writing an introductory essay on the war often reflect the perception shared by most Americans born after the war. According to Alvah, students' conceptions of the Vietnam War are "largely gleaned from movies, documentaries, music, and .. relatives who served in the war, or who in any case hold strong opinions about it."

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
I'm lazy to type so here's a picture ;-;
Semmy [17]
The answer would be A.
4 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • In the Kongo Kingdom, textiles were ____________________ a. made mostly of animal fibers. b. sold only to European merchants. c.
    13·1 answer
  • PLEASE HELP I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST.
    11·2 answers
  • Select all that apply
    8·1 answer
  • Venetian Renaissance painters such as titian strove to achieve balance in their compositions through the use of:​
    12·1 answer
  • The recurrence of a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables is
    14·1 answer
  • please try and make a song about feeling like a monster and key elements to have in it is the feeling of lonelyness and emptynes
    15·2 answers
  • A song form in which the same melody is repeated for each stanza, often heard in popular music, is known as a. strophic form. b.
    6·1 answer
  • The song of women of my land​
    13·1 answer
  • Anyone want to join me zoom we will talk about anime!!!
    7·2 answers
  • Who would win naruto or sauske
    12·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!