Jack, a seven-year-old, did not eat his lunch at school. He knew that his mother will be angry if he did not explain why he did
not eat his lunch. However, Jack believed that his mother will understand if he told her that the food was stale. According to Robert Selman, this scenario illustrates _____.
Perspective-taking is the potential to see beyond one's own point of view so that one can understand how others may think or feel about something. There are five stages of perspective-taking as described by psychologist Robert Selman. The first level among them is undifferentiated perspective-taking, which can be observed among the children. Children know that self and others may have separate thoughts and emotions, but they still compare the two. As per the question, Jack demonstrate level 1 of perspective-taking skills.
Explanation: Judith and Nathaniel are in the intensifying stage of their relationship, Intensifying stage is a stage of finding mutual affection. In this stage the relationship becomes less formal as the individuals become more common to each other, they begin to discuss their level of commitment to the relationship with some sense of ownership towards one another. Caring about the appearance of one another in the public eyes.
