... termed "hypotonic," meaning less solids (or more diluted) than inside the cell. For fluid movement in/out of cells, water will diffuse (via osmosis) from the hypotonic solution to the hypertonic one, assuming a permeable barrier (i.e. cell membrane) allows it. With this case, water will flow into the cell from outside.
Parathyroid hormones (PTH) increases the Ca++ concentration and slightly decreases phosphate ion concentration in the blood.
When Parathyroid hormone increases, the body release more calcium from bones into blood which lead to the increase in calcium concentration in the blood.
The parathyroid hormone increase in the other hand led to slightl
y decrease in phosphate ions since it reduces the reabsorption of phosphate from proximal tubule of the kidney
The mitochondria is a double membraned organelle, the inner of these membranes is invaginated to form structures called cristae. The fluid inside is called the mitochondrial matrix. The mitochondria has a pivotal role in the creation of ATP in aerobic cellular respiration. Glycolysis occurs outside the mitochondria, producing pyruvate and ATP, the pyruvate endures the link reaction on its way into the mitochondrial matrix and turns into acetyl co enzyme A. This acetyl group is used in the matrix in what is called Krebs cycle, where the oxidation of acetyl groups is coupled with the reduction of hydrogen carriers. The products of Krebs cycle are then transported to the electron transport chain on the cristae where the reduced NADH and FADH are then oxidized. The remaining hydrogen electrons are transported down the chain where an oxygen molecule is reduced to water. Chemiosmosis also occurs at the electron transport chain, in which hydrogen protons move down the concentration gradient (from the inner mitochondrion membrane) through an ATP synthase where ATP is generated. The multiple folds inside the mitochondria which are the cristae, mean that there is plenty of surface area for cellular respirations to occur at.
