"No taxation without representation" is a slogan originating during the 1700s that summarized a primary grievance of the American colonists in the Thirteen Colonies, which was one of the major causes of the American Revolution. In short, many in those colonies believed that, as they were not directly represented in the distant British Parliament, any laws it passed affecting the colonists (such as the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act) were illegal under the Bill of Rights 1689, and were a denial of their rights as Englishmen.
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Writ of habeas corpus allows people who are falsely imprisoned to fight the case. One example would be falsely accused crimes. A lot of people are in the wrong place at the wrong time and get jailed for others mistakes so it offers them a second chance to defend themselves.
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This is part of a radio speech delivered by President Roosevelt in December 1940 (this was the second year in WWII, and the US was still neutral in the conflict).
He aimed to convince the audience about the necessity of ensuring a safe defense strategy for Great Britain, so that they were able to avoid the German invasion and resist the many attacks they were suffering.
Apart from the ideological fight against nazism, Roosevelt highlighted how if GB fell, the last territory in the Atlantic, before reaching the US, would have been conquered. That would pose a direct threat on the US. Therefore, he supported the idea that GB should remain free at any cost.
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