Answer: ENGLAND
The "privateers" were privately owned ships and ship captains. But they had the approval and support of the English government under Queen Elizabeth I (who ruled England from 1558-1603). If they were operating without a government's support, we'd simply call them pirates. But their acts of piracy against the Spanish were part of an overall campaign of England against rival Spain. But since they were "privateers" and not technically in the government's employ, Elizabeth's government could always maintain some denial of responsibility for their actions. Some famous names among the English privateers were Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh.
The answer is B) the Establishment Clause of the first Amendment
The main way in which the presidential election of 1912 was different from previous presidential elections is that a party was created (the Progressive Party) purely for the purpose of electing a candidate (Roosevelt).
What are the questions? what are you really looking for?