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zloy xaker [14]
3 years ago
9

Un paciente masculino presenta insuficiencia hepática crónica puede presentar trastornos hemostásicos. Explique y razone su resp

uesta.
Medicine
1 answer:
pychu [463]3 years ago
6 0
La insuficiencia hepática es un estado patológico que condiciona la síntesis y metabolismo de diversas biomoléculas, siendo las alteraciones a la hemostasia una de las primeras consecuencias a nivel sistémico que se hacen presentes; debido a esto y por la dimensión de los riesgos de esta situación, no es raro que las pruebas de coagulación sean indispensables para formular las escalas pronósticas en pacientes hepatópatas.

La cascada de activación de los factores de la coagulación ha sido perfeccionada hasta conformarse el ahora vigente modelo celular que considera la valiosa e indispensable participación del endotelio y las plaquetas.

En la enfermedad hepática existe una acumulación masiva de lípidos en el hepatocito que inducen la liberación de diversos mediadores inflamatorios, entre los que se pueden mencionar la interleucina (IL) 1 y 6, el factor de necrosis tumoral (TNF) y la estimulación del receptor LPS/Toll-like (TLR-4) presentes en las células de Kupffer Estas vías desencadenan una disregu- lación del endotelio mediante la activación de la dimetilar- ginina asimétrica (ADMA), un inhibidor endógeno de la óxido nítrico sintetasa (eNOS)


La mayor parte de los factores procoagulantes como el fibrinógeno, la protrombina y los factores V, VII, IX, X, XI y XII son de síntesis hepática, por lo que sus niveles séricos se modifican en relación con el grado de daño hepático. Los factores V y VIII son los primeros en disminuir por poseer las vidas medias más cortas (12 y 4-6 horas, respecti- vamente). Es común que los pacientes cirróticos sufran reducciones moderadas del factor VII, identificándose una relación significativa entre los niveles de factor VII y el tiempo de protrombina (TP)

Cuando se evalúan las pruebas de coagulación en pacien- tes con hepatopatías, es importante descartar defectos con- génitos; el más frecuente es la deficiencia de factor VII. Esta deficiencia congénita se ha descrito en varias entidades clínicas (embarazo, cardiopatía, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva, entre otras), aunque se tienen registrados pocos casos en px cirróticos.

Gracias a esto es posible comprender que, en pacientes con insuficiencia hepática, el riesgo de sangrado no obedece únicamente a la deficiencia en la producción de los factores de la coagulación y, por tanto, es cuestionable la administración de vitamina K.

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