western schism was a splitt in the Catholic church between 1378 and 1417 while the victory of Charles Martel in the battle of tours was the victory of Christians over Spanish moors which stopped Muslim advances to Eastern Europe.
Explanation
Western schism occurred due to the conflicts in the Catholic church and two men simulatneously claimed to be the pope.The rivalry defamed the Catholic church and came to an end in 1418.
Battle of tours was much different from western schism because it was not a conflict within a religious authority but a conflict between two kingdoms.
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Answer:
Judical Review:
The federal courts' most important power is that of judicial review, the authority to interpret the Constitution. When federal judges rule that laws or government actions violate the spirit of the Constitution, they profoundly shape public policy.
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A major difference between socialism and capitalism resides in how likely meritocracy is to flourish .
Socialism, in its rightest essence, would ensure that every individual within society enjoyed the same opportunities at the core (quality health, food, education). Naturally, some of these subjects would thrive more than others and therefore be promoted by society to hold higher levels of responsability and reward.
However, the lesser gifted would never be at a disadvantage. They could still count on standard quality support by the same society and equal opportunity for their offspring to pursue their own ambitions.
On the contrary, capitalism creates a societal gap by supporting inherited advantage. In summary, a capitalist society provides better core opportunities for a group of citizens and their offspring regardless of their innate ambitions. The disadvataged group and their offspring then receive a less than standard core support which predisposes them for hardship in the pursue of societal reward.
Monarchs were able to crush most rebellions, and people won few new rights
