I believe the answer is: A. nationalism
The hundred years wars create a bitter memory between the French citizens toward the citizens of the British Empire.
Through this military rivalry, the feeling of loyalty towards own country is dramatically increased for both French and British Citizens.
Answer:
Affect
Explanation:
Affect used as a verb means "To act on or change something or someone" or "to put on false appearance of (something)".
"The Spanish-American War, while dominating the media, also fueled the United States' first media wars in the era of yellow journalism. ... This is a satire of the Pulitzer and Hearst newspapers' role in drumming up U.S. public opinion to go to war with Spain."