Living systems follow the laws of conservation of mass and energy by <span>stating that </span>matter<span> is not created nor destroyed as a result of chemical reaction.
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The Earth comprises many spheres of subsystems, which associate with each other to develop a composite and spontaneously changing system of the Earth. The processes taking place in the system of the Earth occurs on spatial scales changing from fractions of millimeters to thousands of kilometers, and on time scales, which varies from milliseconds to billions of years.
The examples of instantaneous scales are a rotation of the Earth, breathing, an earthquake.
The examples of long-term scales are making coal and plate tectonics.
The system of the Earth is featured by various overlapping cycles in which matter is recycled again and again. The cycles involve interactions between multiple spheres and systems. The examples of cycles are rock cycle, day and night, and seasons.
Volcanoes discharge a huge concentration of particulate matter into the atmosphere. These particles function as nuclei for the development of droplets of water (hydrosphere). The rainfall, that is, hydrosphere usually upsurges after an eruption, initiating growth of the plant (biosphere). Thus, volcanoes and volcanic activities are a good illustration of system interactions.
Answer:
filum terminale
The filum terminale is a thin strand of pia mater that helps anchor the conus medullaris to the coccyx
Answer;
ATP.
The generation of ATP occurs by Chemiosmosis.
Explanation;
In the electron transport chain, hydrogen ions in the matrix space can only pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane through a membrane protein called ATP synthase.
As these protons move through ATP synthase, ADP is turned into ATP.
The production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis in mitochondria is called oxidative phosphorylation.
