You are correct in your assumption. The kind of fossil that has been described in the question is Crystallization. It is also called crystallized fossil. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the second option. I hope that this answer has come to your help.
A very important feature in partly in the Sub-Sahara of Africa is the Great Rift Valley which stretches for about 6000km from Syria to Mozambique is a block faulted valley, 30 to 60 miles wide which represents a rift in the African plate of plate tectonics, similar to the ones under the ocean like the mid-Atlantic ridge. It has fertile soil in it, partly from volcanoes like Mt Killimanjaro, and also many large lakes like Lake Tanganyika, It provided a rich environment due to the soil and the lakes for example, for the Bantu people in the past, many of which had their kingdoms here. Ancient human remains have been found in it's soil by Richard Leakey.
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They usually have crops or fruits to sell or they are there to buy something they cant find in their cities.
No government spending-Means no growth, no investment, no vision- I think this right if not I'm sorry