Answer:
education
Explanation:
They had no way to learn how to read or write prior to being free.
The East–West Schism (also the Great Schism or Schism of 1054) is the break of communion since the 11th century between the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Churches.[1] The schism was the culmination of theological and political differences which had developed during the preceding centuries between Eastern and Western Christianity.
East–West Schism
Date
January–July 1054
Also known as
Great Schism,
Schism of 1054
Type
Christian Schism
Cause
Ecclesiastical differences
Theological and Liturgical disputes
Participants
Pope Leo IX
Ecumenical Patriarch Michael I Cerularius
Outcome
Permanent split of the two churches into the modern-day Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Churches
A succession of ecclesiastical differences and theological disputes between the Greek East and Latin West pre-dated the formal split that occurred in 1054.[1][2][3] Prominent among these were the issues of the procession of the Holy Spirit, whether leavened or unleavened bread should be used in the Eucharist,[a] the Bishop of Rome's claim to universal jurisdiction, and the place of the See of Constantinople in relation to the pentarchy.[7]
The answer is 3) Other nations saw that Spain could be beaten and they challenged Spanish land claims.
Until this defeat, Spain and particularly its armada were seen as practically invincible, so other nations generally obeyed Spain and didn't stand up against it. However, once it was beaten (and their powerful armada practically destroyed), their place of power was reduced).
Proportional representation
In a system using proportional representation, rather than a single party winning and the other party gaining no representation, there are some legislative seats that are divided proportionally according to the percentage of votes won by each party in the election process. Typically this is done in some sort of regional or super-district manner, since you can't vote for a single representative of a specific district and then divide that single seat proportionally.
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