Of lower concentration and higher concentration
Answer;
-Down the concentration gradients; evenly distributed
Diffusing molecules move down the concentration gradients until they are evenly distributed.
Explanation;
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
-Whenever a substance exists in greater concentration on one side of a semipermeable membrane, such as cell membranes, any substance that can move down its concentration gradient across the membrane will do so. If the substances can move across the cell membrane without the cell expending energy, the movement of molecules is called passive transport.
-The mechanism of molecules moving across a cell membrane from the side where they are more concentrated to the side where they are less concentrated is a form of passive transport called simple diffusion.
Answer:
Genotypes determine the phenotypes expressed
Explanation:
Answer: they damage proteins and DNA
<span>Oxidative stress and other cell processes induce the formation of highly reactive aldehydes that react directly with DNA of a microbial organism, forming aldehyde-derived DNA </span>adducts lead to proteins and DNA damage. DNA damage causes deregulation of cell homeostasis and thus contributes to the disease phenotype.
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