A committee appointed for a particular or temporary purpose in either the house or the Senate is referred to as a "subcommittee" since they are usually part of a bigger group.
They both have the power to veto, and are an absolute monarchy. They both make a decent amount of money, just different amounts.
The Third Amendment to the U.S. Constitution relates most directly to the "Quartering Act," since it prohibits the quartering of soldiers in people's homes without their consent. It is largely "useless" in modern society.