Christian communities developed a formal church structure within its clergy. At first the clergy included priests and bishops, the highest ranking church officials. As the church expanded, archbishops were appointed to oversee the bishops.
Answer:
Globalization
Explanation:
Globalization, in the sense of rapid transmission of the impact of technology to all areas of the globe with highly developed infrastructure, will continue to accelerate. Low-income countries that do not spend heavily on research and technology dissemination and do not upgrade their rural infrastructure and reduce transaction costs will experience continually declining prices for agricultural commodities, but without offsetting decreases in costs of production.
In contrast, where costs are reduced by research and improved infrastructure, agriculture can attain growth rates of at least 50 percent higher than in the past. That would have powerful multipliers to the rural non-farm sector, thereby reducing poverty, increasing employment, and increasing food security.
High-income countries can assist this process though continuing to open trade in agricultural commodities; preventing domestic farm support programmes from dumping commodities on world markets; and, in the case of cereals, massively increasing demand through financing rural public works programmes to reduce transaction costs in rural areas and bring them more fully into the global market. Low-income countries, especially in Africa, must redirect public expenditure to agricultural production, especially research and rural infrastructure. They should reduce constraints to trade, including over valued exchange rates, and consider cutting customs barriers.
The US Supreme Court ruling on the case McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is one of the most important decisions in the history of US jurisprudence. The president of the Supreme Court at the time was John Marshall, former Secretary of State of US President John Adams.
The state of Maryland had tried to impede the running of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States (a bank founded to face the difficulties encountered by the administration of the 4th President of the United States of America, James Madison). Maryland demanded its unconstitutionality, as an expression of a government act not provided for by the constitution. He had previously imposed a prohibitive tax for the time on all banknotes not issued within the confines of the state.
James McCulloch, who held the highest authority for the Baltimore branch of the US Second Bank, refused to pay the tax. A lawsuit was initiated between the state and McCulloch, who was first presented before John James, and then before the Maryland Court of Appeals and then went to the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court, after showing off the theory of Alexander Hamilton on the implicit powers that the Constitution gave to the Congress, affirmed the legitimacy of the federal government, its complete independence and its prevalence over the individual states. He then ruled that even if the Constitution did not officially foresee it, it fell within the powers entrusted by the government and all states could not impede its function.
The harvest festival in Hawaii is called The <span>Makahiki. Makahiki means years old, which doesn't really make sense to me but, whatever. I hope this helps.</span>
