1. Memory cells that trigger a secondary immune response
2. Specific antibodies that remain concentrated in the bloodstream for life after the first infection event
3. Memory cells that trigger a primary immune response
4. T cells that trigger a primary immune response
Answer:
1. Memory cells that trigger a secondary immune response
Explanation:
During the first infection when the body is invaded by a particular antigen, the immune system tries to identify the type of antigen. B lymphocytes make antibodies when the antigen has been identified in the event of a primary infection. The response of the immune system during the primary infection of that pathogen is usually slow. As soon as the primary infection is arrested by the antibodies produced in response, memory cells such as the memory B cells is formed, which enables the immune system to identify the same pathogen, and thereby triggers a faster secondary immune response in subsequent infections by the same pathogen.
Answer:
The cause of phytoplankton blooms has traditionally been attributed to seasonal changes in ‘bottom-up’ environmental factors controlling phytoplankton division rates, such as nutrients and light 3,4,5,6,7. However, seasonal changes in phytoplankton biomass (P) represented by the biomass-specific net rate of change (r) always reflect the interplay between two dominant terms, the phytoplankton division rate (μ) and the sum of all loss (l) rates (e.g., grazing, viruses, sinking):
Explanation:
The photosynthetic production of organic carbon by marine phytoplankton plays a key role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, such that without this biological uptake it is estimated that present day atmospheric CO2 concentrations would be 200 ppm (50%) higher1. Phytoplankton blooms in the temperate and polar oceans play a disproportionally large role in ocean CO2 uptake, as well as being critical ecological events to which the migration patterns of marine animals, ranging from zooplankton to whales, have evolved2. The cause of phytoplankton blooms has traditionally been attributed to seasonal changes in ‘bottom-up’ environmental factors controlling phytoplankton division rates, such as nutrients and light3,4,5,6,7. However, seasonal changes in phytoplankton biomass (P) represented by the biomass-specific net rate of change (r) always reflect the interplay between two dominant terms, the phytoplankton division rate (μ) and the sum of all loss (l) rates (e.g., grazing, viruses, sinking):
r=1PdPdt=μ−
Hope this helps
The closing of a plants stomata will prevent plants from taking in (Carbon dioxide) or co2; Without co2, plants cannot make carbohydrates, and plants can only obtain this critical molecule (carbohydrates) when stomata are open. Hope this helps ya out :)
The answer is c or a its one of the two
Answer:
The center section of the period table is classified into<u> transition </u> elements.
Explanation:
Transition elements can be described as elements that are present in the centre of the periodic table and are usually metals. These elements have their d sub-shells partially filled. The transition metals have high oxidation states. They have high melting points. These elements generally are known to form coloured compounds and are used for various chemistry tests. The elements from group 4 to 11 generally occur under in this category. Examples of these elements include essential elements like iron and copper.
