Answer:
a) 
b) 
Step-by-step explanation:
Use logarithm properties:

Then
a) 
b) 
Answer:
Yes
Step-by-step explanation:
The octopus chose the rectangles 68% of the time. From this observation you can tell that the octopus has learned there is food under the rectangular shape. Its cognitive abilities are less than a human's, but they are able to discern a rectangle from a circle with success.
Good luck ^^
C) -1 is the answer to this question