Answer
The worm gets coated with antibodies, which activate other cells in the immune system to secrete chemicals that kill it.
Explanation:
Production of T-helper I cytokines like IFN gamma, IL-2 and IL-18 is highly protective against helminth infection by activating the macrophage intracellular killers. Protection against mucosal eosinophil responses in which antiparasitic chemicals are released. Killing also involves direct cytotoxic mechanisms in which T- cell and NK-cells directly release antiparasitic agents like perforin and granulysin which kill the parasite.
The number of organsims at each levels, so there are more producer than herbivores, more herbivores than carnivores and so on...
Answer:
Isotonic
Explanation:
A solution is isotonic to a cell if it has the same Concentration of dissolved particles as the cell. Water molecules move in and out of the cell at equal rate, so the cell size remains the same.
A........................
