Answer:
The correct sequence of events that has taken place for the evolution of the atmosphere are as follows-
1) Bombardment of meteorites
2) Release of volcanic gases
3) Formation of oceans
4) Formation of Banded-Iron formation rocks
5) Appearance of Cyanobacteria
6) Increasing the level of oxygen in the atmosphere
7) Evolution of eukaryotes
Explanation:
The late heavy bombardment of meteorites have taken place about 4 billion years ago, which facilitates the initial creation of the atmosphere on earth.
During the time of meteorite bombardment, a large number of gases such as water vapor, CO₂, SO₂ were released from the upper crustal portion of the earth.
As these gases were released into the atmosphere, the earth's surface started to cool eventually and reached below the water boiling point. There occurred continuous rainfall for many centuries, which were accumulated on earth and formed the oceans.
When the oxygen reacts with iron that is found to be dissolved in the seawater forming iron oxides on the floor of the ocean, then the Banded Iron Formation (BIF) rocks were formed over a due course of time. The oldest BIF are recorded are about 3 billion years old, and it was formed during the time when there was a lesser amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.
After this, the cyanobacteria appeared, which enhanced the level of oxygen in the earth's atmosphere and ocean water by carrying out the process of photosynthesis. With the advancing of time, the oxygen level kept on increasing and evolution of life has taken place.
