Answer: Rosalind Franklin
Franklin created an x-ray photograph that allowed Watson and Crick to work out the 3D structure of DNA.
Viruses are not always classified as living cells because they cannot live independently. They rely on a host to provide all resources to live, without a host they are in a dormant, near dead like state. Therefore it has to define a virus as dead or alive as it may or may not have a host.
