New Deal is the name given by the president of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt to his interventionist policy put in place to fight against the effects of the Great Depression in the United States. This program was developed between 1933 and 1938 with the objective of supporting the poorest layers of the population, reforming financial markets and revitalizing a wounded American economy since the crash of 1929 due to unemployment and bankruptcies.
Commonly, two New Deals are distinguished. A first, particularly marked by the "One Hundred Days of Roosevelt" in 1933, which pointed to an improvement in the situation in the short term. You can find, then, bank reform laws, urgent social assistance programs, help programs for work, or even agricultural programs. The Government made important investments and allowed access to financial resources through the various government agencies. The economic results were moderate, but the situation improved. The "Second New Deal" was extended between 1935 and 1938, putting forward a new distribution of resources and power on a broader scale, with trade union protection laws, the Social Security Act, as well as aid programs for farmers. and street workers.
The fight against the crisis lasted until the United States mobilized its economy with the Second World War. The success of the New Deal is undeniable on the social level. The policy led by President Franklin D. Roosevelt changed the country through reforms and not through a revolution. On the other hand, the New Deal programs were openly experimental, manifestly perfectible, and given the costs of this process, a more complete change program could have been preferred. However, the imperfect nature of the New Deal allowed a constructive criticism and a more deliberate reflection that opened the way to an improvement of American democracy in the following years and which lasts until today. In union matters, the adoption of the so-called Wagner Act allowed unions to become powerful collectives.
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The aspect of the US Congress that most reflects the constitutional valve of republicanism is the existence of two congressional chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate, which exercise joint power in legislative terms, and are jointly limited in such a way that both chambers must pass the bill so that it becomes law. In turn, another republican value that is reflected in the organization of Congress is the system of checks and balances through which Congress controls the actions of the other two branches of the federal state: the executive branch and the judicial branch.
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The Constitutional Convention was called.
Delegates agreed to the Great Compromise.
The Bill of Rights was written by James Madison.
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