The answers are A and E.
Option A) Orderly clashes, since holiday tournaments were hosted by nobles. The main purpose of the battles were to show skills and techniques, many knights could die due to injuries, that is why mortal combats, Option E), could happen.
18th century is when it began
The correct answer is letter B.
Explanation: Nationalism is an ideology that arose in the nineteenth century when nation states were affirmed in Europe.
The term is used to describe the sentiment and attitude that members of a nation have when forming national identity.
Nationalism was fundamental as an ideology for German Unification and Italian Unification. Both territories were made up of small states independent of each other, but united by the same past.
One positive is it helped the countries against communism by supplying them with weapons. A negative is that the countries against it could have been impostures and used the weapons we gave them against us