The change was radical in the quality of the housing, public spaces, and the defense; but rather conservative in the church and religious building. The renaissance brought revolution in the terms how people wanted to live and enjoy the life. The medieval housing quality was rather poor. It was impersonal, based on simple practicality, and lacking comfort. It was only the size of the house and its location to show the wealth. The late medieval era and the rise of renaissance changed that.. people wanted to have nice comfortable housing, well planned, decorated, furnished, surrounded by nice items. Tiles, frescoes, stainless windows, flooring, and cassette ceiling became widespread and symbol of wealth, comfort, and opulence. Even medium size cities had experienced this housing revolution. The wealthy nobility abandoned castles and build comfortable chateaus.
<span>As the housing had improved, so did a public places. Medieval cities were dirty, rundown, with commercial and other activities happening in the street. The renaissance started to appreciate nice public place, squares, and avenues, and town halls around Europe had invested significant resources into beautification of them. Squares were cobbled with central focus points like fountains, statues, and other monuments. Majority of the present day European cities have their look modeled in that era. The change was revolutionary, that people enjoyed to see their cities, its images, portraits became widespread, and the wealth of the city was on display. </span>
<span>As the renaissance progressed, the original Italian style was replaced with the Northern European renaissance. The Italian was dominated by geometric spaces such as square and rectangle; and its dominant color was white. However, the rich classes wanted to show more wealth, and later period was significantly colorful, and with various details like graffiti,statues (often based on Roman mythology), and cast iron railing.</span>
Spanish, Portuguese and French colonies - Catholics
English and Dutch colonies - Protestants
The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. After years of preliminary exploration and military skirmishes, 180 Spanish soldiers under conquistador Francisco Pizarro, his brothers, and their native alliescaptured the Sapa Inca Atahualpa in the 1532 Battle of Cajamarca. It was the first step in a long campaign that took decades of fighting but ended in Spanish victory in 1572 and colonization of the region as the Viceroyalty of Peru. The conquest of the Inca Empire (called "Tahuantinsuyu"[1] or "Tawantinsuyu"[2] in Quechua, meaning "Realm of the Four Parts"),[3] led to spin-off campaigns into present-day Chile and Colombia, as well as expeditions towards the Amazon Basin.
When the Spanish arrived at the borders of the Inca Empire in 1528, it spanned a considerable area; by far the largest of the four grand pre-Columbian civilizations. Extending southward from the Ancomayo, which is now known as the Patía River, in southern present-day Colombia to the Maule River in what would later be known as Chile, and eastward from the Pacific Ocean to the edge of the Amazonian jungles, the empire covered some of the most mountainous terrain on Earth. In less than a century, the Inca had expanded their empire from about 400,000 km² (155,000 sq mi) in 1448, to 1,800,000 km² (690,000 sq mi) in 1528, just before the arrival of the Spanish. This vast area of land varied greatly in cultures and in climate. Because of the diverse cultures and geography, the Inca allowed many areas of the empire to be governed under the control of local leaders, who were watched and monitored by Inca officials. However, under the administrative mechanisms established by the Inca, all parts of the empire answered to, and were ultimately under the direct control of, the Emperor.[4] Scholars estimate that the population of the Inca Empire numbered more than 16,000,000.[5]
Some scholars, such as Jared Diamond, believe that while the Spanish conquest was undoubtedly the proximate cause of the collapse of the Inca Empire, it may very well have been past its peak and already in the process of decline. In 1528, Emperor Huayna Capac ruled the Inca Empire. He could trace his lineage back to a "stranger king" named Manco Cápac, the mythical founder of the Inca clan,[6]:144 who according to tradition emerged from a cave in a region called Pacariqtambo.
Huayna Capac was the son of the previous ruler, Túpac Inca, and the grandson of Pachacuti, the Emperor who
It would be the totalitarian government. hope it helped.
Hot air goes up and the cold air goes down what the air currents forms when the atmosphere moves the excess hot air and warms the lower latitudes to the cooler air has high latitudes and so the air rushes in to replaces it. hopefully that help have a nice day :)
