Answer:
The correct option is;
B. Mitochondria
Explanation:
The mitochondria are the organelle of the cell bund to the membrane that are referred to as the cell powerhouse they function in the same manner as the digestive system, such that they take in raw nutrients which are broken down to produce energy containing molecules which makes up the majority of the chemical energy required for the various biochemical reactions of the cell in a way such that the energy they produce are stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules.
A sizable, distinctive<em> database</em> is created that contains information on 2124 individuals with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) from 4 institutions in Austria and 4 in Germany. This information comprises morphologic, clinical, cytogenetic, and follow-up data. 1084 (52.3%) of the 2072 patients with successfully completed cytogenetic tests had clonal abnormalities. Each patient's chromosomal structural and numerical anomalies were recorded, and the number of additional abnormalities was divided further. As a result, 684 distinct cytogenetic classifications were found. 1286 patients who received only supportive care were used to study how the karyotype affected the disease's natural course. Patients with normal karyotypes had a median life of 53.4 months (n = 612) while those with complicated abnormalities had a median survival of 8.7 months (n = 166).
A total of 13 uncommon abnormalities were found, each with a different prognostic impact: good (+1/+1q, t(1q), t(7q), del(9q), del(12p), chromosome 15 anomalies, t(17q), monosomy 21, trisomy 21, and -X), intermediate (del(11q), chromosome 19 anomalies), or poor (t(5q)). Depending on the chromosomes involved, other anomalies have varying prognostic significance. The karyotype added extra prognostic information for all WHO and French-American-British (FAB) classification system subtypes. Our studies shed fresh light on the importance of rare chromosomal aberrations and particular karyotypic combinations in MDS for prognosis.
<h3>What are
myelodysplastic syndromes?</h3>
A set of malignancies known as myelodysplastic syndromes (also known as myelodysplasia) prevent your blood stem cells from developing into healthy blood cells. Serious diseases include anemia, frequent infections, and bleeding that won't stop can be brought on by myelodysplastic syndromes.
To know more about myelodysplastic syndromes with the help of given link:
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DNA is generally tightly packed into a structure called chromatin. It is double stranded and twisted into a structure called a double helix. In order to replicate, DNA must unwind. After unwinding, each side of DNA separates by unzipping down the middle, with the two unzipped strands serving as templates for creating new strands. At the end of replication, the two new segments of DNA each contain one old and one new strand.
Replication occurs at different rates in different types of cells. Some cells continuously divide and must constantly replicate their DNA. Other cells divide at a much slower rate and do not need to replicate their DNA as often. Some cells divide until the organ they make up reaches its normal size, and then they do not divide again.
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. Each strand of DNA is made up of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base bonded together into a structure called a nucleotide. Many nucleotides bond together to form DNA.
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FOOD WEBS<span> show how plants and animals are connected in many ways to help them all survive. </span>FOOD CHAINS<span> follow just one path of energy as animals find food.</span>
Answer:
The same gene encodes both proteins by using different combinations of exons in the pre‑mRNA via alternative splicing.
Explanation:
According to the question, two different proteins (one with 56 amino acids and the other with 82 amino acids) are found to be encoded by the same gene. This is possible due to a process called ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.
Alternative splicing is a phenomenon whereby the protein-coding region of a gene called EXON is manipulated in such a way that variety of proteins emanate from a single gene. This manipulation includes the removal or inclusion of EXONS in the gene, so as to give rise to different combinations of mRNA, hence, different proteins will be translated from the different mRNA from the same gene.
In this case, exons were removed from one mRNA to have lesser amino acids (56) in the translated protein while exons were included in the other mRNA to have more amino acids (82).
