The Founding Fathers tried to create republicanism, when they divided powers between the judicial, legislative and executive branches. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the first option. Checks and balances is also very close to being the answer to this question.
New inventons that changed American society during the late 1800's are steam power and electricity. The railroad helped expand the U.S.. The telegraph, the telephone, and the typewriter brought people together that were far away.
