the correct answer is up and down
They first 'cut out' genes using precise biological 'scissors' – restriction enzymes – and paste them into DNA from another organism like a bacterium or yeast where it is copied many thousands or millions of times. Molecular model of a restriction enzyme bound to DNA.
Answer:
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with aberrations in genetic, morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics. A number of genes located on human chromosome 21 (HSA21) encode proteins which are thought to be involved in numerous metabolic pathways, e.g., phosphofructokinase, cystathionine β-synthase etc. Perturbations of the metabolic pathways may lead to altered drug metabolism in DS individuals. We present a review of metabolic aberrations linked to HSA21 genes in DS. We particularly focus on drug disposition, efficacy, sensitivity and toxicity of anti-leukaemic agents including methotrexate, glucocorticoids, anthracyclines and cytarabine in DS leukaemia. The different outcomes of therapy due to differential drug response, varied drug toxicity and treatment related mortality in DS leukaemia is a subject of much research and speculation. Altered drug response in DS individuals may stem from differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics. Further large-cohort studies in different age groups dissecting metabolic and molecular pathways involved in drug response may increase our understanding in this regard and stipulate pharmacotherapies in DS.
The water cycle provides fresh water by evaporating salt water because salt can't be picked up when evaporated so you have fresh water in the sky. When it rains, it spreads the water around into groundwater, lakes, steams, etc.
B because... Batteries are a source of chemical energy and chemical goes to electrical because the electrical energy goes through the circuits and then lastly, the electrical energy transforms into wind energy (mechanical energy)
