Answer:
Islam as a religion began with the message which was spread by Islam’s Prophet and God’s Messenger Muhammad ibn Abdallah in the Arabian Peninsula in 610 CE and which was contained in the Qur’an, God’s revelation to Muhammad. After Muhammad’s death in 632, his followers, the Muslims, embarked on successive waves of conquest of the Middle East and beyond; within less than a century, they had political and military control of virtually all the lands between India and Spain. The exercise of this control came from a state that was called the caliphate, its ruler being viewed as the caliph, or “successor,” to the Prophet Muhammad. In the first few decades, the state, based in Arabia, was simple and its ruler elected on the basis of merit. However, following the expansion, it soon turned into a complex, multi-national empire ruled by dynasties based in Syria first (the Umayyads, 661-750 CE) and then in Iraq (the Abbasids, 750-1258 CE). The caliphal system became weakened in the later ninth century, and by the tenth century, real power had moved to several local dynasties although the caliph remained the nominal head of the empire. The Abbasid empire and most of the local dynasties were overrun and practically destroyed by the Mongol invasion of the Middle East in 1258. That invasion ended not only the early phase of Islamic history, but also the “Golden Age” of Islamic civilization, which had been developing slowly from the beginning of this period. The “Golden Age” refers to the period when the varied contributions of Islamic civilization reached their peak in both the indigenous Islamic disciplines (such as Islamic law) and the newly imported disciplines of late antiquity (such as philosophy).
Explanation:
hope that helps
Answer:
john locke FRS
Explanation:
john locke FRS was an english philosopher and physician, widelyre garded as one of the most influentialof enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism
Answer: Nicollo Machiavelli
Explanation: renaissance thinker. Machiavelli is not a medieval political thinker (as Dante Alighieri in his "Monarchy") anymore. His political thougths do not refer to metaphysical, divine realm. His political thought takes place in profane, secular realm.
The correct answer is <span>to emphasize that the democratic traditions of the US do not support imperialism
Imperialism was against everything that the United States stood for since their inception. That's why the concept of might makes right is an ancient heresy because it contradicts the first laws ever set in the United States and that is those of democracy, since imperialism has no democracy in it.</span>
