Answer:
One MAJOR idea from 1491-1607 is that we see the rise of European influence in the Americas. We have the English establishing colonies like Jamestown. We have the Spanish with their encomienda systems and their settlements. We have the Dutch and New Amsterdam. Perhaps most significant was how different the lives of Native Americans were becoming. The Columbian Exchange brought disease which decimated their population. The Indians also gained new technologies such as the gun and wheel, as well as horses. For the Europeans, they got maize and other crops from the Native Americans, significantly changing their diet and increasing their health.
Became more modern and began to grow
Both Southeast Asia and Swahili East Africa were exposed to a variety of things due to interactions with other cultures through trade. Both were and/or are Islamic as well. Also, both regions experienced political change when rulers used wealth to construct larger states and cultural change with exposure to new religions.