You have a lot of questions here, I can help you with a few of them.
When you simplify the polynomials, you put together all of the terms that have the same degree. That means the variables have the same exponents. The number of terms are the items separated by plus and minus signs.
Here are the answers for the first three:
1)

2)

3)
Answer:
x=7.5 and x=-12.5
Step-by-step explanation:
|2x+5|-4=16
|2x+5|=20
2x+5=20
2x=15
x=7.5
2x+5=-20
2x=-25
x=-12.5
Whenever you add or subtract fractions you have to have the denominators the same so that the numerator is of the same value system.
For example you have 8/16 - 8/32
If you were you to subtract it without changing denominators to the same it would be equal to zero but when you change them to the same denominator
16/32 - 8/32 then the answer would be 8/32.
X intercept of line a is (-6,0)
x intercept of line b is (1,0)