Most serum uric acid is freely filtered in kidney glomeruli, and approximately 90% of filtered uric acid is reabsorbed, implying that it has a considerable physiological role [2], [5]. In humans, over half the antioxidant capacity of blood plasma comes from uric acid [5], [6]. Uric acid is a strong reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite scavenger and antioxidant [5], [6], [7], [8]. High levels of uric acid are readily detected in the cytosol of normal human and mammalian cells, especially in the liver [9], vascular endothelial cells, and in human nasal secretions, where it serves as an antioxidant
