Pattern and rhythm
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1. It spread through trade with other countries. As merchants came into Africa, they not only traded goods, but also cultures. They taught the Africans about the Muslim teachings and many Africans ended up adopting it.
2. It spread through migration. As Africans migrated from one side of the continent to another, they brought with them their religion and shared it with the people who were living in the places they migrated to.
Before the Europeans came over to Africa, they had a slave trade. Africans in power, such as kings, would capture other Africans and enslave them, especially if they were from a tribe they were fighting. When the Europeans came over, the African kings started to trade these captured people for technology, like guns. The Europeans would them put them onto miserable ships and they would be brought over to America.
Migration, trade, conquest, and pursuit of religious freedom.