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This website should help (since i cant put over 5000 characters here >:c): http://teachersinstitute.yale.edu/curriculum/units/1982/4/82.04.03.x.html
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The military was organized under the caliphate, a political structure led by a Muslim steward known as a caliph, who was regarded as the religious and political successor to the prophet Muhammad. ... Under the Umayyads, a dynastic and centralized Islamic political state emerged.
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DescriptionThe Iraq War was a protracted armed conflict that began in 2003 with the invasion of Iraq by a United States-led coalition that overthrew the government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government.
Indus civilization,<span> also called </span>Indus valley civilization<span> or </span>Harappan civilization<span>, the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent. It was first identified in 1921 at </span>Harappa<span> in the Punjab region and then in 1922 at </span>Mohenjo-daro<span> (Mohenjodaro), near the </span>Indus River<span> in the </span>Sindh<span> (Sind) region, now both in </span>Pakistan. Subsequently, vestiges of the civilization were found as far apart asSutkagen Dor<span>, near the shore of the Arabian Sea 300 miles (480 km) west of </span>Karachi<span>, also in Pakistan, and </span>Rupnagar<span>, in </span>India<span>, at the foot of the Shimla Hills 1,000 miles (1,600 km) to the northeast.</span>
