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hichkok12 [17]
2 years ago
11

How is all human skin alike and different?

Biology
1 answer:
Elan Coil [88]2 years ago
6 0

Answer:

The skin is the body's largest organ, but not all skin is the same. Skin structure, and the way it behaves, differs slightly according to where it is on our bodies. ... Some areas of the body, for example the hands and face, are more exposed to external forces such as the sun and cleaning products than other parts.

Explanation:

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4) A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality)
docker41 [41]

Answer and Explanation:

  • A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality).
  • The F1 females are testcrossed, producing these offspring: groucho 518 rough 471 groucho, rough 6 wild-type 5 1000 a) What is the linkage distance between the two genes? B) Plot the genes on a map c) If the genes were unlinked and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, what would be the offspring in the F2 generation?

1st cross:

Parental) grogro ro+ro+ x  gro+gro+ roro

F1) gro+gro ro+ro

2nd cross:

Parental)  gro+gro ro+ro   x  grogro roro

Gametes) gro+ro+                       gro ro

                gro+ro                         gro ro

                gro ro+                        gro ro

                gro ro                          gro ro

Punnet square)  

                   gro+ro+             gro+ro              gro ro+            gro ro  

gro ro    gro+gro ro+ro   gro+gro roro    grogro ro+ro    grogro roro

gro ro    gro+gro ro+ro   gro+gro roro    grogro ro+ro    grogro roro

gro ro    gro+gro ro+ro   gro+gro roro    grogro ro+ro    grogro roro

gro ro    gro+gro ro+ro   gro+gro roro    grogro ro+ro    grogro roro

F2)

0.518 grogro ro+ro (518 individuals)

0.471 gro+gro roro (471 individuals)

0.006 grogro roro (6 individuals)

0.005 gro+gro ro+ro (5 individuals)

Total number of individuals 1000

<u><em>Note</em></u>: These frequencies were calculated dividing the number of individuals belonging to each genotype by the total number of individuals in the F2.

To know if two genes are linked, we must observe the progeny distribution. <em>If individuals, whos </em><em>genes assort independently,</em><em> are test crossed, they produce a progeny with equal </em><em>phenotypic frequencies 1:1:1:1</em>. <em>If</em> we observe a <em>different distribution</em>, that is that <em>phenotypes appear in different proportions</em>, we can assume that<em> genes are linked in the double heterozygote parent</em>.  

In the exposed example we might verify which are the recombinant gametes produced by the F1 di-hybrid, and we can recognize them by looking at the phenotypes with lower frequencies in the progeny.  

By performing this cross we know that the phenotypes with lower frequencies in the progeny are groucho, rough and wild-type. So the recombinant gametes are <em>gro+ro+</em> and <em>gro ro</em>, while the parental gametes are <em>gro+ro</em> and <em>gro ro+.</em>

So, the genotype, in linked gene format, of the double heterozygote individual in the <u>F1</u> is gro+ro/gro ro+.

To calculate the recombination frequency we will make use of the next formula: P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals. The genetic distance will result from multiplying that frequency by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU). One centiMorgan (cM) equals one map unit (MU).

The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes for which one of every 100 meiotic products results in a recombinant product.

The recombination frequency is:

P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals

P = 6 + 5 / 1000

P = 11 / 1000

P = 0.011

The <u>genetic distance between genes,</u> is 0.011 x 100= 1.1 MU.

<u>Genetic Linkage Map:</u>

Parental Phenotypes)  

-----gro+------ro----              -----gro------ro+----

----- gro ------ro----               ---- gro------ ro ----

Recombinant phenotypes)

-----gro+------ro+----              -----gro------ro----

----- gro ------ ro----                -----gro------ro----

<u>If the genes were unlinked</u> and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, the offspring in the F2 generation would have been

4/16 = 1/4 gro+gro ro+ro  

4/16 = 1/4 gro+gro roro  

4/16 = 1/4 grogro ro+ro    

4/16 = 1/4 grogro roro

Their phenotypic frequencies would be 1:1:1:1 related.                                                  

7 0
3 years ago
Which organelle recycles molecules for the cell to use again?
Sphinxa [80]

Answer:

lysosomes

Many components of the cell eventually wear out and need to be broken down and the parts recycled. This activity takes place inside the cell in specialized compartments called lysosomes.

3 0
2 years ago
Help me ASAP please
Westkost [7]

Answer:

C

Explanation:

5 0
2 years ago
What type of intercellular junction bands together adjacent cells, making the epidermis stronger?.
fenix001 [56]

Answer:

Tight or occluding junctions This type of junction is also called zonula occludens and is the most apical structure in the epithelial cell. Zonula occludens describes, that there is a formed band of tight junctions which encircles every cell.

Explanation:

8 0
1 year ago
Which level or organization is being affected in someone who has an Asthma attack?
Crank

Answer:

B tissue level

Explanation:

B tissue because whatever substance that got into the lungs will cause the tissue to swell up causing an asthma attack

7 0
3 years ago
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