Karl Marx expressed his economical and political beliefs in <em><u>The Communist Manifesto</u></em>. According to it workers should be the one to control the production.
Malthus created a theory that there will be to many people on Earth and that we will not have enough food to feed everyone. That is why we need population control.
Owen believed in better position of workers and even introduced certain social reforms.
Smith is a pioneer of capitalism. His views are described in his famous book <em><u>Wealth of nations</u></em>.
